3 year and 4 year crop rotation plans

A 3 year crop rotation keeps each plant family out of a bed for 2 years before it returns in the third. A 4 year rotation adds one more year.

The simplest version splits the garden into 3 or 4 groups and moves each group one bed along every year. Check a bed below.

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    A 3 year plan

    YearBed ABed BBed C
    1Nightshades and squashLegumesCabbage family and roots
    2LegumesCabbage family and rootsNightshades and squash
    3Cabbage family and rootsNightshades and squashLegumes

    A 4 year plan

    Split the last group: nightshades, legumes, cabbage family, then roots and onions. Each family returns to a bed in the fifth year.

    When the plan breaks

    Real gardens rarely fit: a bed grows peas in spring and squash in summer, or tomatoes take two beds. Keep a log of what grew in each bed, and before planting check that the family has not been there in the last 2 years.

    Questions gardeners ask next

    Is a 3 or 4 year rotation better?

    Longer is better for soil-borne disease. Most gardens manage 3 years; 4 or more helps where disease has shown up.

    What if I have only two beds?

    Rotate by the gap rather than by groups: keep each family out of a bed for 2 years, using containers for the crops that do not fit.

    Do perennials rotate?

    No. Asparagus, rhubarb and perennial herbs stay in their beds.